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It's a proxy or proxy server. is a software program for servers which acts as an intermediary between server and a client via the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a user would be able to send a request any resource directly to the server and the server would then serve direct the resource requested to the user. While this procedure is easy to understand and apply using proxies, it can provide advantages such as more performance and privacy, security and much more. As a layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security protector of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled system of hardware for servers and software for proxy installation is usually referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we will concentrate on proxies that are typically thought of as software, as well as those that are used to complement web servers. We will provide a description of the two major kinds of proxies: a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique use case, and is often misunderstood due to the naming conventions that are similar.




This article will give you the basics of what proxies and their subtypes are, and also what they can accomplish for typical configurations. Through this article, users will be able to identify the scenarios in which an effective proxy can be beneficial, and choose the right solution between forward and reverse proxy options for each circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words a forward proxy also known as an open proxy is a representative of the client which is attempting to send a request via the internet to the server from which it originated. In this case, the entire attempt to send requests from the client will instead be sent by the forward-proxy. In this situation, the forward proxy acting in the instead of the user will review the request. The first step is to establish whether the client is authorized to make requests to this particular forward proxy. The forward proxy will then deny this request, and then transfer it over to the server originally. The client isn't able to connect directly to the internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows it access to.




The most frequent uses for forward proxies is greater privacy or anonymity on the internet. Forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet instead of a client and can use an alternative IP address to the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.




Based on the way it was set up in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a range of services and permit you to:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can spot restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies can also be used in security systems that require centralized and allow access based on permissions like in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer an administrator is able to grant access only to specific users to the internet, which is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer which may comprise a variety of computers with different user and environmental settings the firewall could be placed in an front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxies have to be manually configured for use, however reverse proxies will be not noticed to the user. Based on the fact that the IP address of a client is sent to the source server through an forward proxy. Privacy and security may be granted or ignored.




There are many options to investigate for forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which provides forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server with forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. This does not include the entire web server. We've got a guide on how to configure Squid proxy for private connection on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is more suitable for situations such as with peer-to-peer traffic. You can also look at how to create a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as an agent of a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. This web server may consist of a single server or even multiple servers. It may also act for application servers such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request may come from a customer via the internet at large. Most of the time it will be routed direct to the website hosting the resources the client is in need of. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that separates Web servers and direct interactions with the internet.




From a user's perspective, which is the user's perspective connecting to reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting directly to your webserver. It's the same thing, however clients can't discern the difference. The customer requests an item and is given it without any additional configuration that needs to be performed by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxy servers can offer options, such as:




A centralized layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you establish.


A new feature to cache has been added.




Central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy service, reverse proxy providers provide this feature to the web server layer rather than the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls on the web server layer that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with firewalls as well as interacting with the requests of clients from web servers enables them to focus solely on serving the needs of their customers.




If multiple servers are that are running a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines the method of routing requests to which server. A number of web servers could be offering the same content, but each serving different types of content or a mix of them. These servers may use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, however, they may include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers in accordance with the service requested, or to observe certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their positioning on top of web servers, by offering caching capabilities. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent the server from getting hit with every request and some solutions even offer the option of providing static files directly without touching the web servers in any manner. Furthermore, the reverse proxy could be able to handle compressing these files.




The popular Nginx webserver is a well-known reverse proxy option. While it is true that the Apache webserver is also equipped with reverse proxy functionality as an added choice for Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially designed for and specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing since both types of proxies manage both responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the needs of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be helpful when designing an application that is able to deliver web-based apps via the internet. They act as your servers in all interactions on the web.




A forward proxy can be helpful when placed on the internet in front of traffic from clients for your personal use or in a work environment. They represent your client traffic whenever you interact on the internet.




The use case distinction as opposed to focusing only on common naming conventions will help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is with the two major types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical applications as well as an analysis of important characteristics were used to determine forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about how to implement proxy servers, check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy with Apache using one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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