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The term "proxy" is a reference to the fact that a proxy or proxy server. A proxy server is software that acts as an intermediary between a server and client via the internet. Without a proxy, a user would make a request for a source straight to the server, and it would then serve the resource directly back for the client. It's not hard to comprehend and implement, adding proxies provides advantages in the form of increased efficiency, privacy, security and more. As a layer of pass-through, proxy servers act as a gatekeeper on the internet between clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the set of hardware used by servers and the software that is installed to make proxy connections is commonly described as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxy servers which are typically described as software as well as those that are used to complement web servers. This article will give a description of the two major kinds that are available, which include the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own specific usage that could be confusing due to the overlapping terminology.




This article will provide you with an idea of the what proxies as well as their subtypes are and also their importance in typical setups. If you go through this article, you'll be able recognize scenarios in which an effective proxy is useful, and choose the most appropriate option between forward and reverse proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy, also called an open proxy is an agent of the user trying to send requests online to an server. In this situation every request made by the client will rather be directed by an forward proxy. In this situation the forward proxy, acting in the client's stead will review the request. At the beginning it will decide if the client is authorized to send requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it can either reject requests or redirect them to their origin server. The client is not able to have an internet connection directly It has access only to what forward proxy allows it to connect to.




The most common reason for using forward proxy servers is for more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy connects to the internet for the individual client. And when it does this, it may use an IP address different from the IP address of the client.




Depending on the method by which it's setup, a forward proxy can offer a range of features and the capability of:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies also are used in systems to provide central security as well as permission-based access, for example, in a workplace. When all internet traffic goes through an open forward proxy layer, admins can allow only a handful of clients access to the internet that is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for this layer that can be utilized by multiple computers with various configurations and environments the firewall can be added to the forward proxy layer.




Be aware the fact that forward proxy servers must be manually setup before they can be utilized while reverse proxy servers could be disregarded by clients. Based on whether or not an IP address from the user has been transmitted to the origin server by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy options.




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't have the full web-based server. Check out our guide on the most efficient method of installing Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy, which uses on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to look into how to set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions to act as an agent of a web server and handles requests made from clients on behalf of the server. The web server may function as a one server or multiple servers. It can also comprise an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request may come from a user on the internet at large. In most cases, the request will be directly sent to the server on the internet which holds the information that the client is asking for. Contrarily, a reverse proxy is a intermediary, separating the web server from direct communication with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the client, interfacing via reverse proxy doesn't differ from interacting via direct connection to an internet server. It's exactly the same, but the client can't discern the distinction. The client asks for a resource and then receives it without extra configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


Incoming traffic is directed according to rules that you can establish.


Additional functions to cache data.




Although central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies add this feature to that layer on the webserver rather than the client layer. instead of sustaining firewalls on the server level which could comprise several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. In addition, removing the burden of interacting with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients off web servers enables the firewall to focus on supplying resources.




In the event of multiple servers running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can be also responsible for directing what requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers running from the same host, each serving various kinds of resources or a mixture of both. These servers use the HTTP protocol to function as a normal web server. They can also be equipped with other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that directs the clients towards specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or to comply with specific rules for the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies are also able to take advantage of their position ahead of web servers by using caching features. Massive static resources can be set up using caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with every request, with some options that let you serve static content directly without having to connect to the website server at all. Furthermore the reverse proxy can be capable of handling compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as an effective reverse proxy service. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy service however, the Apache webserver also has reverse proxy functions, which can be a second option for Apache however Nginx was originally designed to and specifically focuses on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" or "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy are able to handle both requests and responses. The best method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy services is to think about the needs of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be useful when you are creating a solution to serve web applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers in all interactions on the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when presented to customers for your own usage or in a corporate setting. They act as a representative of your customers for any interaction on the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing solely on similar naming conventions will assist you in making sure that there is no confusion.



Conclusion



This article describes what a "proxy" is with the two types that are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for use and an exploration of useful characteristics were used to define between two kinds of proxy: forward and reverse. If you're interested in learning how to set up proxies, read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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